Thursday, 29 March 2012

CoP: Theory into Practice - Typography Info

Fonts and their meanings

Much has been said about the need for a "sarcasm font". What does a font tell you about the tone of what's written in it, or the personality that chose it?  Here's a pictorial guide.

Comic Sans:


Old English:


Copperplate:  (note - copperplate is the font on my personal card.)


Courier:


Harlow Solid Italic:


Papyrus:  (my company used to have a safety poster about forklifts written in this font.  really.)  


Showcard Gothic:


Stencil:

http://myfuturepast.blogspot.co.uk/2011/10/fonts-and-their-meanings.html

Choosing a Font

Letterforms are more than simply characters to be read. Additional information arises out of the associations that are attached to various styles of type.
For example, you can easily see the difference in the character of the typefaces used in a Wild West "wanted" poster and those used for a traditional wedding invitation. Successful designing with type is all about making the most of those associations to make your visual point.
wanted poster wedding invite
Source: Graphic Design Foundation Course by Curtis Tappenden, Luke Jefford and Stells Farris

Finding Meaning

The first thing that you do when you receive copy (text) for a design job is to read it for sense. Whether it is a 20,000-word book or a single word logo, ask yourself "what does this actually mean?" If you can't answer this question yourself, how can you hope to convey the meaning successfully to others?
The typographic treatment sets the overall mood of a piece: clean, traditional choices for straight information delivery may suit a corporate report. On the other hand, more funky stylized fonts might work better for a poster promoting modern dance.
The huge range of typefaces available on the market is almost overwhelming. You can make a bit of sense of this by remembering the broad categories mentioned earlier. They are typically separated according to function, as many type foundries do as a matter of course.
Source: Graphic Design Foundation Course by Curtis Tappenden, Luke Jefford and Stells Farris

Creating a Mood

Let's look first at a single character of type to understand the power type can give your design. When set in various faces, even a single letter - such as a lowercase a - can evoke different feelings, depending on the design of the typeface.
moods of a
When the letterform is flowing and curvaceous, the feeling conveyed is softer than the feeling communicated when the letterform is angular and hard-edged. A whimsical letterform will convey a lighthearted mood; one that is elegant will communicate sophistication.
As another example, choose two words with contrasting or even opposite meanings, such as peace and war. After seeing each of these words in the various typefaces, which face do you think is most appropriate to the meaning of each word?
peace and war
Source: Design Basics for Creative Results by Bryan L. Peterson

Further Understanding Mood and Meaning

The content of the material and the purpose of the design are the main factors in deciding your choice of font.
In information design clarity is essential, and it is telling that sans serif fonts, with their simple structures, are used for road signs. Sans serif is also ideal when type has to be a small size, as in some diagrams and maps.
modern sans serifs bus sign
Which font you choose can be influenced by the subject matter; in such cases a knowledge of the origins of the font can help in coming to a decision. For example, Caslon and Baskerville are classical English, Garamond is French, Goudy is American, Bodoni is Italian, and so on.
classic serif fonts
You do not have to rely on the classical fonts; contemporary serif fonts such as Minion and Swift are ideal for modern material.
modern serifs
An effective mixture: below, a serif font for the word "Relaxing" and a contemporary sans serif for the word "snazzy" nicely reflects the shift in moods.
magazine spread
Budding designers need to develop a strong sense of how the different fonts create emotional, psychological, and historical resonances within
the reader.
Source: Graphic Design School by David Dabner

Quick Tips: What to Consider when Using Type

  • What font will best communicate the feeling of your message? Does your font harmonize with or detract from your message?
  • Will two or more different fonts be more effective in displaying the concept than one? Consider using a serif face with a sans serif face, for example.
  • What type size will best convey the idea of the design? Is the size appropriate for the audience? Does it complement the other elements?
  • Is the type properly placed in the format to have the most impact on the reader? Are the shapes of the body copy pleasing or are they unattractive?
  • Is the font one that needs to hold up well over a period of time (a classic), or is a more current, trendy font a better choice?
Source: Design Basics for Creative Results by Bryan L. Peterson
http://www.nhsdesigns.com/graphic/typography/choosing-font.php


THE ART OF TYPOGRAPHY
TYPEFACES AND FONTS
The original meanings of the words 'Typeface' and 'Font' have become blurred through common usage . Both now tend to be used to describe the various styles of letterforms available to designers and printers.

TYPEFACES
The term 'Typeface' was originally used to identify the design elements in a letter style e.g. bold, underlined, or italic.
Typefaces
Bold Type can add an emphasis or strength to the style of a font.
Underlined Type is an effective way of emphasising the title of a document. It can also be used to call attention to an important section of text.
Italic Type can also emphasise an important word or passage of text, but it tends to be used in a more informal context. Italic fonts have an animated style and are often selected for designs where there is a need to convey the illusion of speed and energy.

FONTS
The term 'Font' was originally used to identify a family of typefaces. The fonts below are all members of the 'Futura' font family. Their height is measured in points - the standard unit for printed text. There are about 72 points to one inch.
FUTURA font family
Although the above fonts are all the same height, note how their breadth varies according to their style. Some fonts are more suited to fitting into a confined area of a design, while others like to spread themselves out.
There are two main font types:
serif and sans-serif
Serifs are the extended corners at the ends of a letter and like all good design, they have evolved naturally. They originated in the stone-carved letters of the Ancient Romans. Stone masons discovered that it was technically easier to finish chiseling the ends of a letter in a slow curve. Not only did serifs look more elegant but they were also very practical as they formed a natural channel for water or rain to flow away as it cleaned dust from the corners.
Serif fonts are the most legible and are commonly used for large blocks of text. Their wide horizontal baseline emphasises the line of text for the eye and makes reading more comfortable.
Sans-serif fonts are simply fonts without serifs ('sans' means 'without' in French). They are also sometimes called gothic fonts.

LEGIBILITY AND STYLE
Fonts are usually selected for either their legibility or their stylistic effect.

THE LEGIBILITY OF A FONT
Legibility is the measure of how quickly a font can be read. The balance between legibility and style is one of the important factors to be considered when choosing a font for a design.

very legible
Serif fonts like Times New Roman above are the easiest to read. They usually appeal more to an older target audience who are more concerned with content than style.
less legible
Novelty fonts like Carnivale are fun but are less legible and tend to date quickly. They tend to appeal more to a younger target audience who often prefer style over content.
illegible
Calligraphic or script fonts, especially in capitals, are often the most illegible.

legibility
The choice of colour can also have a strong effect on the legibility of a font.

THE STYLE OF A FONT
Fonts can speak in a voice that reflects the style or emotion of the words they make. The elements of shape and colour help to communicate their meaning.

Times New Roman
Based on the carved letterforms on the buildings of Ancient Rome and used as the typeface of The Times newspaper today, the 'Times New Roman' font represents the voice of authority. This idea is reinforced here by its dark blue colour - the colour of law enforcement.
'Times New Roman' was designed in 1931 by British designers Stanley Morison and Victor Lardent. However, certain authorities now dispute this and believe it to be the work of the American designer, Starling Burgess.

Bedrock font
Various elements contribute to the sense of disorder in the 'Bedrock' font above. The primitive shape of each letterform is chiseled to form a crooked design, while the irregular arrangement and different colours heighten the effect.
Designed in 1995, it was probably inspired by 'The Flinstones' who lived in Bedrock, and it reflects the anarchy of a cartoon world.

Chiller font
Anger is expressed in the aggressive and calculatingly crude calligraphy of the 'Chiller' font. Its dangerous aura is amplified by the symbolic use of red - the colour of rage.
'Chiller' was created by the British designer, Andrew Smith.

Vag Rounded font
An ice cold blue colour, smooth rounded corners and a long relaxing shadow, all contribute to the feeling of calm in the 'VAG Rounded BT' font.
BT stands for Bitstream, the company from Cambridge MA, USA who designed the font.

Ravie font
'Ravie' has the energy and bouncy movement necessary for a fun-filled font. Bright primary colours enhance its cheerful form.
'Ravie' was designed by Ken O'Brien in 1993-94 at the Art Center in Pasadena, California.

Slipstream font
The combination of italic type, graduated colour and blurred form creates the illusion of speed using the 'Slipstream LET' font.
Slipstream was designed by the Letraset Type Studio.

Futura XBlk font
By their nature bold fonts shout. 'Futura XBlk (extra black) BT' is a no nonsense, sans-serif font that gets its message across loud and clear.
Paul Renner (1878-1956), a typographer associated with the Bauhaus in Germany designed the original Futura fonts. They were the most popular sans-serif fonts in the first half of the 20th century.

Broadway Engraved font
Certain fonts inherit a reputation for style through their association with a particular time or place. 'Broadway Engraved' evokes the Art Deco era which was one of the most popular design movements of the early twentieth century. A metallic gold finish completes the stylish look.
This font is based on 'Broadway' which was designed by Morris Fuller Benton between 1925-28. 

THE ABSTRACT ELEMENTS OF TYPE
The interaction between the abstract elements of positive shape and negative space is an important consideration in the design of good typography.
POSITIVE SHAPE - NEGATIVE SPACE
By positive shape we mean the shape of the letter itself.
By negative space we mean the background shapes between the letters.

Logan font
Equally balanced positive shapes and negative space interlock to create a strong architectural quality in the Logan font.

Stencil font
If you look closely you will see that a little trickery has been used to manipulate the positive shapes and negative space of this Stencil font.
Luftwaffe font
A careful balance between positive and negative elements was essential to create the rhythm and vitality of this script font. Script or calligraphic fonts, like Luftwaffe, should be avoided if you are looking for legibility.

Ravie font
Ravie is a fun font for those who place stylistic effect over legibility. Although it looks improvised and intuitive, there is a calculated balance between its positive shapes and negative spaces. This effect is made more visible by the circle which highlights its animated and abstract qualities.

Elephant font
The elephant is a beast of burden and the Elephant font reflects this quality. Like steel girders, its characters look to be able to support a great weight. The balance between the strength and delicacy of their positive and negative forms adds a sense of refinement to this typographic powerhouse.

Wide Latin font
The interaction between the positive and negative shapes of the Wide Latin font evokes the dynamic forms of Geometric Abstraction in mid 20th century painting.
http://www.artyfactory.com/graphic_design/typography/the_art_of_typography.htm

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